Evolution of Cloud
Computing Evolution of Cloud Computing
- Cloud Computing Leverages dynamic resources to deliver a large number of services to end-users.
- It is High Throughput Computing(HTC) paradigm
- It enables users to share access to resources from anywhere at any time
Hardware Evolution
- In 1930, binary arithmetic was developed
- by computer processing technology, terminology, and programming languages.
- In 1939, Electronic computer was developed
- Computations were performed using vacuum-tube technology.
- In 1941, Konrad Zuse's Z3 was developed
- Support both floating-point and binary arithmetic.
There are four generations
- First Generation Computers
- Second Generation Computers
- Third Generation Computers
- Fourth Generation Computers
First Generation Computers
Time
Period: 1942 to 1955
Technology: Vacuum Tubes
Size: Very Large System
Processing: Very
Slow
Examples:
1. ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
2. EDVAC(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
Advantages of First Generation Computers:
- It made use of vacuum tubes which was the advanced technology at that time
- Computations were performed in milliseconds.
Disadvantages of First Generation Computers:
- very big in size, weight was about 30 tones.
- very costly.
- Requires more power consumption
- Large amount of heat was generated.
Second Generation Computers
Time Period: 1956 to 1965.
Technology: Transistors
Size: Smaller
Processing: Faster
Examples
Honeywell 400
IBM 7094
Advantages of Second Generation Computers
- Less heat than the first generation.
- Assembly language and punch cards were used for input.
- Low cost than first-generation computers.
- Computations were performed in microseconds.
- Better Portability as compared to first-generation
Disadvantages of Second Generation Computers:
- A cooling system was required.
- Constant maintenance was required.
- Only used for specific purposes
Third Generation Computers
Time Period: 1966 to 1975
Technology: ICs (Integrated Circuits)
Size: Small as compared to 2nd generation computers
Processing: Faster than 2nd generation computers
Examples
PDP-8 (Programmed Data Processor)
PDP-11
Advantages of Third Generation Computers:
- These computers were cheaper compared to generation computers.
- They were fast and reliable.
- IC not only reduces the size of the computer but it also improves the performance of the computer
- Computations were performed in nanoseconds
Disadvantages of Third Generation Computers:
- IC chips are difficult to maintain.
- The highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips.
- Air Conditioning is required
Fourth Generation Computers
Time Period: 1975 to Till Date
Technology: Microprocessor
Size: Small as compared to third-generation computer
Processing: Faster than third-generation computer
Examples
IBM 4341
DEC 10
Advantages of Fourth Generation Computers :
- Fastest in computation and size get reduced as compared to the previous generation of computers.
- The heat generated is small.
- Less maintenance is required.
Disadvantages of Fourth Generation Computers :
- The Microprocessor design and fabrication are very complex.
- Air Conditioning is required in many cases
Internet Hardware Evolution
- Internet Protocol is the standard communications protocol used by every computer on the Internet.
- The conceptual foundation for creation of the Internet was significantly developed by three individuals.
- Vannevar Bush — MEMIX (1930)
- Norbert Wiener
- Marshall McLuhan
- Licklider was founder for the creation of the AR PANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
- Clark deployed a minicomputer called an Interface Message Processor (IMP) at each site.
- Network Control Program (NCP)- first networking protocol that was used on the ARPANET
Internet Hardware Evolution
- Establishing a Common Protocol for the Internet
- Evolution of Ipv6
- Finding a Common Method to Communicate Using the Internet Protocol
- Building a Common Interface to the Internet
- The Appearance of Cloud Formations From One Computer to a Grid of Many
Establishing a Common Protocol for the Internet
- NCP essentially provided a transport layer consisting of the ARPANET Host-to-Host Protocol (AIIIIP) and the Initial Connection Protocol (ICP)
- Application protocols
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP), used for file transfers,
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), used for sending email Four versions of TCP/IP
- TCP vl
- TCP v2
- TCP v3 and IP v3,
- TCP v4 and IP v4
Evolution of Ipv6
- IPv4 was never designed to scale to global levels.
- To increase available address space, it had to process large data packets (i.e., more bits of data).
- To overcome these problems, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6, which was released in January 1995.
- Ipv6 is sometimes called the Next Generation Internet Protocol (IPNG) or TCP/IP v6.
Evolution of Cloud Services
|
2008-2009 |
Google
Application Engine Microsoft
Azure |
|
2006 |
S3
launches EC2 |
|
2002 |
Launch of
Amazon Web Services |
|
1990 |
The first
milestone of cloud computing arrival of salesforce.com |
|
1960 |
Super Computers Mainframes |
