OOPs in JAVA - Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism With Example

Abstraction 

abstraction in Java is used to hide certain details and only show the essential features of the object. 

Another way, it shows only important things to the user and hides the internal details for example sending sms, you just type the text and send the message. You don't know the internal processing about the message delivery. 

Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it. 

We are going to achieve abstraction using 

Abstract class 
Interface 

Encapsulation 

Encapsulation is the packing of data and functions into a single component. Encapsulation is the ability to package data, related behaviour in an object bundle and control/restrict access to them (both data and function) from other objects. It is all about packaging related stuff together and hide them from external elements. 

Encapsulation can be achieved by declaring fields in a class as private, while providing access to these fields via public, typically, getter and setter methods. Or else we can tell that the encapsulation can be achieved by java beans.

import java.util.Scanner; 
class Register 
{ 
        private String name,email,password; 
        private int age; private long phone; private double hight; 
        private char gender; 
        public String getName()  { return name; } 
        public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } 
        public String getEmail() { return email; } 
        public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } 
        public String getPassword() { return password; } 
        public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } 
        public int getAge() { return age; } 
        public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } 
        public long getPhone() { return phone; } 
        public void setPhone(long phone) { this.phone = phone; } 
        public double getHight() { return hight; } 
        public void setHight(double hight) { this.hight = hight; } 
        public char getGender() { return gender; } 
        public void setGender(char gender) { this.gender = gender; } 
}

class RegisterDetails 
{ 
        void insertDetails(Register r) 
        { 
                System.out.println("Name is "+r.getName()); 
                System.out.println("Email is "+r.getEmail()); 
                System.out.println("Password is "+r.getPassword()); 
                System.out.println("Age is "+r.getAge()); 
                System.out.println("Gender is "+r.getGender()); 
                System.out.println("Phone number "+r.getPhone()); 
                System.out.println("Height is "+r.getHight()); } 
} 

public class Demo 
    { 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); 
        System.out.println("Enter the name"); 
        String name = scan.next(); 
        System.out.println("Enter the Email"); 
        String email = scan.next(); 
        System.out.println("Enter the password"); 
        String password = scan.next(); 
        System.out.println("Enter the age"); 
        int age=scan.nextInt(); 
        System.out.println("Enter phone number"); 
        long l = scan.nextLong(); 
        System.out.println("Enter height"); 
        double height = scan.nextDouble(); 
        System.out.println("Enter gender"); 
        char gender =(char) scan.next().charAt(0);        
        Register r = new Register(); 
        r.setName(name); 
        r.setEmail(email); 
        r.setPassword(password); 
        r.setHight(hight); 
        r.setAge(age); 
        r.setGender(gender); 
        RegisterDetails rd = new RegisterDetails(); 
        rd.insertDetails(r);// hear the bean object is sent to the insertDetails method in RegisterDetails class 
        } 
} 

Output 

Enter the name 
raghu 
Enter the Email 
raghugbr@gmail.com 
Enter the password 
12345 
Enter the age 
27 
Enter phone number 
9740642202 
Enter height 5.9 
Enter gender 
M 

Out put after taking input 

Name is raghu 
Email is raghugbr@gmail.com 
Password is 12345 
Age is 27 
Gender is M 
Phone number 9740642202 
Height is 5.9 

Polymorphism 

Polymorphism is the ability by which, we can create functions or reference variables which behaves differently in different programmatic context. Polymorphism is a Greek word which means many(poly) forms(morphism). 

Polymorphism is tightly coupled to inheritance and is one of the most powerful advantages to object-oriented technologies. 

Polymorphism is essentially considered into two versions. 

1. Compile time polymorphism (static binding or method overloading) 

2. Runtime polymorphism (dynamic binding or method overriding) 

Static binding And Dynamic binding

Static binding	Dynamic binding
When type of the object is determined at compiled time(by the compiler), it is known as static binding	When type of the object is determined at runtime, it is known as dynamic binding
If there is any private, final or static method in a class, there is static binding	Other methods than private , final , static
Static binding uses Type(Class in Java) information for binding	Dynamic binding uses Object to resolve binding.
Overloaded methods are bonded using static binding	Overridden methods are bonded using dynamic binding at runtime
Compile time polymorphism	Runtime polymorphism

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